Korean grammar · Level 5
N에 의해(서) · N에 의한 N
By N — the agent of a passive, in written Korean
Taught in Level 5, Unit 9: No cashier after 11
you met 에 의해 in passing (L3-U11 promised it, L4-U10 showed it in a tip). News about machines and decisions is full of it — the shop is run by a system, the change was decided by head office. Now it becomes a core pattern.
Example
이 다리는 마을 사람들에 의해 다시 지어졌다.
This bridge was rebuilt by the villagers.
The full explanation is in the unit · part of the Level 5 Pass, opening soon · Level 5, Unit 9
Practise it in context · Level 5, Unit 9
No cashier after 11
The rule with a table, Sori’s tips, practice that checks itself, a review room and a one-page cheat sheet.
See the unit preview →